Module 4 Resources

Linda's Famous Study Guide: Word (135Kb)

Linda's Trauma Assessment Narrative: Word (26Kb)

Chapter 15 - Trauma Systems and Mechanism of Injury

Prehospital Trauma Life Support
Preparing a Patient for Transport, Life Flight, Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center - guidelines for preparing your patient and the landing zone for Life Flight transport.

Chapter 16 - Hemorrhage and Shock

Stages of shock
Compensated/non-progressive	Decompensated/progressive	Irreversible
Altered mental status Increased heart rate Increased respirations Pale, cool skin	Narrowing pulse pressure Diaphoresis Increased anxiety/confusion Nausea/vomiting Thirst Hypotension (late sign)	Decreased LOC (GCS <8) Decreased respiratory rate/effort Profound hypotension Bradycardia

Types of shock
Hypovolemic	Cardiogenic	Neurogenic	Anaphylactic	Septic
Altered mental status Tachypnea Hypotension Cool, pale, moist skin Weak, thready pulse Nausea	Dulled senses Rapid respirations Hypotension Cool, pale, moist skin Increased heart rate Weak pulse	Altered mental status Diaphragmatic breathing Hypotension Warm, pink, dry skin Normal or slow pulse	Uneasiness or agitation Edema Dyspnea and wheezing Hypotension Urticaria Tachycardia GI/GU disturbances	Altered mental status Hypotension Fever Warm torso, cool extremities Nausea/vomiting Tachycardia, dysrhythmias

The National Institutes of Health Medical Encyclopedia offers details on signs and symptoms, treatment and complications for the following types of shock:
Key Term Flashcards: Causes and Treatment of Shock, Intravenous Therapy for Prehospital Providers - 20 interactive "flashcards" test your knowledge of IV therapy terminology (but you have to have the Macromedia Flash plug-in for your browser). Cool stuff!

Chapter 17 - Burns

The Parkland Formula for fluid resuscitation of burn patients:
2 to 4 mL of Ringer's lactate x pt. weight in kg x percent BSA burned = mL in 24 hours, with half being given in the first 8 hours

Example:
3 mL x 70 kg (approx. 150 lbs.) x 18 (not .18) = 3780 mL given in 24 hours (1890 mL given in first 8 hours)

Chapter 18 - Thoracic Trauma

Chapter 19 - Head and Spinal Trauma

Guidelines for Prehospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injury, Brain Trauma Foundation
"Initial Assessment of Spinal Trauma," trauma.org - focused on reducing the number of missed diagnoses.
National Spinal Cord Injury Association
The Whole Brain Atlas, Harvard University Medical School - a collection of MRI images and movies comparing a normal brain to several disease processes.
"Pre-hospital Cervical Spinal Immobilization Following Trauma" (PDF), American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons - this chapter of the Guidelines for Management of Acute Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries examines pre-hospital immobilization practices and rationales.
Spinal Cord 101, The Spinal Cord Injury Resource Center - covers basic anatomy, injuries and complications of spinal cord injury.

Chapter 20 - Abdominal Trauma

"Injury to the Colon and Rectum," trauma.org - includes discussion and case presentations on the second most common injured organ in penetrating trauma; includes a graphic photo of what can happen when these injuries are missed.
"Renal Trauma," trauma.org - statistics, case study, evaluation and management of renal injury due to blunt and penetrating trauma.

Chapter 21 - Extremity Trauma

Updated 01.16.04